The New Public Health
The New Public Health
|
ISBN: |
9780195588088 |
|
Binding: |
Paperback |
|
Published: |
15 Dec 2015 |
|
Availability: |
|
|
Series: |
$126.95 AUD
$145.99 NZD
Add To CartOther options: Ebook $114.95 AUD $131.99 NZD
Request an inspection copyDescription
The fourth edition of Fran Baum’s The New Public Health is the most authoritative resource available on new public health. It offers readers the opportunity to gain a sense of the scope of the new public health visions, and combines theoretical and practical material to help readers understand the social and economic determinants of health. Based on the premise of previous editions, The New Public Health promotes equity in order to improve health across the globe. It has been fully revised to reflect recent developments in the theory, practice and direction of new public health.
This book is written for students of public health, health professionals working in public health, preventative medicine and primary health care settings, health and environment planners and those interested in creating communities that maximise health for people and the environment. Integrating knowledge and methodologies from the social sciences, environmental sciences and humanities. It presents a comprehensive package of ideas and directions for public health focused on achieving a fairer, more sustainable and equitable world.
NEW TO THIS EDITION
- All chapters have been substantially revised and all data and figures have been updated
- New chapter on Public Health Advocacy
- More content on food security; globalisation and climate change, and sustainability; violence in Australia; emergencies and disasters
- New practical examples demonstrate application of public health principles, highlighted in boxed features throughout
- Critical reflection questions at the end of each chapter
Contents
Introduction
PART 1: APPROACHES TO PUBLIC HEALTH
1. Understanding Health: Definitions and Perspectives
Introduction
Health: the clockwork model of medicine
Health as the absence of illness
Measuring health
Health: ordinary people’s perspectives
Public and private lay accounts
Health in cultural and economic contexts
Spiritual aspects
Health: critical perspective
Health as ‘outcomes’
Health and place: defining collective health
Population versus individual health: the heart of public health
Conclusion
2. A History of Public Health
Introduction
Era of Indigenous control
Colonial legacy
Theories of disease causation
Public health legislation and sanitary reforms
Australian responses
Status quo or radical change?
Relearning the nineteenth-century lessons: McKeown and Szreter
Nation-building era
Affluence, medicine, social infrastructure
Conclusion
3. The New Public Health Evolves
Introduction
Introduction
International developments in the new public health
The 1980s: developing a new public health
The 1990s: implementing the Ottawa Charter strategies
The 1990s to twenty-first century: international developments in the new public health
New century: Commission on Social Determinants of Health—strong
reinforcement for the new public health
Global health systems to promote the new public health
Does spending more on care determine health outcomes?
Comprehensive primary health care as the basis of health systems
Resisting growing medicalisation
Health sector stewardship function
Australia and the new public health: 1970s to the present
State variation in community health and health promotion in the 1980s
1990s: neo-liberalism takes hold in Australia
Howard’s Australia and the impact on the new public health
National, state and local public health responsibilities
Research for the new public health
Preference for selective primary health care and lifestyle health promotion
Specific policy areas in the past 25 years and their fit with the new public health
How much does Australia spend on public health?
Conclusion
PART 2: POLITICAL ECONOMY OF PUBLIC HEALTH
4. Ethics, Politics and Ideologies: The Invisible Hands of Public Health
Introduction
Political systems and ideologies
Types of political systems
Growth of welfare states
Egalitarianism, socialism and capitalism
Ethical issues in public health
Roots of individualism
The dialectic between individualism and collectivism
Consequentialist and non-consequentialist ethics
Rights arguments
Victim blaming
Public health policies and individualism
Social-structural and communitarian perspectives
Individualism and the welfare state
Conclusion
5. Neo-liberalism, globalisation and health
Introduction
Introduction
What is globalisation?
What is neo-liberalism?
Key institutions
World trade system and health
International agreements that threaten global health
TRIPS and TRIPS-Plus
Trade in Services Agreement (TISA)
The impact of transnational corporations
The impact of neo-liberalism on health
Consumerism
The voices of dissent: civil society movements
Bringing the voice of ordinary people from the grassroots
Protest, advocacy and lobbying against international financial and trade institutions
‘Watching’ the global institutions
Conclusion
PART 3: RESEARCHING PUBLIC HEALTH
6. Research for a New Public Health
Introduction
Limits to epidemiology
Other forms of knowledge generation
Need to change focus of health research
Reflective research practice
Using previous research findings: systematic reviews
Ethical issues in research
Do no harm
Methodological soundness
Informed consent
Privacy, confidentiality and anonymity
Being an ethical researcher
Research with Indigenous Australians
Conclusion
7. Epidemiology and Public Health
Introduction
Introduction
What is epidemiology?
Population epidemiology
Clinical epidemiology
Social and eco-social epidemiology
Popular epidemiology
Key concepts and methods in epidemiology
Descriptive studies
Analytical studies
Experimental designs
Quality and error in epidemiological studies
Conclusion
8. Survey Research Methods in Public Health
Introduction
Introduction
Strengths of surveys
Weaknesses of surveys
Planning and conducting surveys
Is the research question amenable to questionnaire or interview survey?
What type of survey to use?
Selecting respondents
How many people should be included in a survey?
Designing a survey instrument
Survey fieldwork
Self-completion questionnaires
Telephone surveys
Face-to-face surveys
Response rates to surveys
Analysis of survey results
Conclusion
9. Qualitative Research Methods
Introduction
Introduction
What is qualitative research?
Application to public health
Qualitative research methods
Case studies
Participant observation
In-depth interviewing
Focus groups
Document analysis
Common issues of concern
Analysing qualitative data
Conclusion
10. Planning and Evaluation of Community-based Health Promotion
Introduction
Planning for community-based public health projects
Tools for needs assessment
Setting priorities and ongoing planning
Evaluation of complex public health initiatives
Objectives and outcomes
Ensuring a reflective approach
Methods for community-based evaluation
Validity of evaluation
Conclusion
PART 4: HEALTH INEQUALITIES: PROFILES, PATTERNS AND EXPLANATIONS
11. Changing Health and Illness Profiles in the Twenty-first Century: Global and Australian Perspectives
Introduction
Data sources
Life expectancy
Social determinants of health
Cause of death
Deaths from violence and injury
Resurgence of infectious diseases
Chronic disease
Disability
Conclusion
12. Patterns of Health inequalities in Australia
Introduction
Introduction
Key factors in health inequalities in Australia
Effects of socioeconomic status
Poverty, socioeconomic status and health
Socioeconomic status
Increasing inequities
Unemployment and health
Occupational illness and injury
Indigenous peoples
Refugees, migrants and health
Gender and health
Suicide
Gender and morbidity
Location and health
Rural and remote Australia
Conclusion
13. The Social Determinants of Health Inequity
Introduction
Explaining socioeconomic status inequities in health status
Arefact explanations
Theories of natural or social selection
Cultural/behavioural versus materialist or structural explanations
Social capital, support and cohesion and health inequities
Gender and health
Inequities: the case of Aboriginal health
Conclusion
PART 5: UNHEALTHY ENVIRONMENTS: GLOBAL AND AUSTRALIAN PERSPECTIVES
14. Global Physical Threats to the Environment and Public Health
Introduction
Climate and atmospheric change
Effects of climate change on human health
Direct effects of climate change on human health
Indirect effects of climate change on human health
Summary: climate change and human health
Declining air and water quality
Water supply
Nuclear power
Loss of biodiversity
Consumerism, neo-liberal globalisation and the environment
Global efforts to address climate change
Why don’t we take action?
Environmental justice
Feminism and environmental justice
The precautionary principle
Conclusion
15. Urbanisation, Population, Communities and Environments: Global Trends
Introduction
Urbanisation
Violence and crime
Living conditions
Crowding and health
High density: a health hazard?
High density and social disorder
High density and environmental sustainability
Slums
Affluent suburbia: dream or nightmare?
Social impact of urban life: from community to anomie?
Social capital declining?
Transport in urban areas
Population, consumption and equity
Conclusion
PART 6: CREATING HEALTHY AND EQUITABLE SOCIETIES AND ENVIRONMENTS
16. Healthy Economic Policies
Introduction
Challenging economic growth
Beyond GDP: indicators of well-being
Polluter pays principle
Retreat from consumerism
Healthier economic options: Keynes, post-carbon and low growth
Controlling the transnational corporations
From global to local
Local action to resist globalisation
Fair taxation, income and wealth distribution
Trade justice
An economy that encourages healthy work
Conclusion
17. Sustainable Infrastructures for Health, Well-being and Equity
Introduction
The global framework
Sustainable development: oxymoron or salvation?
Creating ecologically sustainable and healthy communities
Characteristics of healthy and sustainable cities and communities
Tensions in creating healthy cities and communities
Energy use
Reducing fossil fuels use
Taming the car
Equitable provision of healthy infrastructure
Housing
Preserving agricultural land and natural spaces
The sustainability of rural areas
Conclusion
PART 7: HEALTH PROMOTION STRATEGIES FOR ACHIEVING HEALTHY AND EQUITABLE SOCIETIES
18. Medical and Health Care Service Interventions
Introduction
General practitioners
Screening
Specific screening tests and their effects
Effectiveness of screening for behavioural risk factors and follow-up on population health
Immunisation
Smallpox
Polio
Immunisation in Australia
Individual risks and social benefits of immunisation
The contribution of the health sector to promoting population health and reducing inequity
Comprehensive primary health care
Conclusion
19. Changing Behaviour: the limits of behaviourism and some alternatives
Introduction
Social learning theory
Health belief model
Theory of reasoned action
Stages of change model
Health action model
Application of behavioural theories
Second generation of heart health campaigns
Social marketing
Mass media campaigns
Health education through entertainment
Using social media
Criticisms of social marketing
Relational, mindful and positive: other approaches to health promotion for individuals
Conclusion
20. Participation and Health Promotion
Introduction
Participation in practice
Values and principles for participation
Participation in health
Social media and participation
Lessons from participation in health
Pseudo or real participation?
Types of participation
Participation and power
Who participates? Issues of representation
Citizens or consumers?
The role of professionals in participation
Effective bureaucratic consultations
Conclusion
21. Community Development in Health
Introduction
What is ‘community’?
Community development and social capital
Community development and health services
Community development: ways of working
Dilemmas of community development
Conclusion
22. Public health Advocacy and Activism
Introduction
What is public health advocacy and activism?
Who are public health advocates and activists?
What are key advocacy and activism strategies?
Advocacy and activism dilemmas
Conclusion
23. Healthy Settings, Cities, Communities and Organisations: Strategies for the Twenty-first century
Introduction
‘Settings’ approaches to health promotion
Bringing about change in healthy settings–based initiatives
Political and policy leadership and commitment is essential
Encouraging action across sectors
Types of partnerships
Detailed examples of healthy settings initiatives
Legislative frameworks that support workplace healthy settings
Healthy settings projects in the workplace
Healthy cities and communities
WHO’s Healthy Cities program
Healthy Cities in Australia
Healthy Cities: actions for health
Settings with a specific focus: obesity prevention in cities and communities
Sustainability of healthy settings
Critical perspectives on healthy settings approaches
Conclusion
24. Healthy Public Policy
Introduction
What is policy?
What is healthy public policy?
Policy formulation
Phases in policy making
Approaches to policy formulation
Policies and power
Healthy public policy in a globalised world
Examples of healthy public policy
What makes for healthy public policy?
Conclusion
PART 8: PUBLIC HEALTH IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY
25. Linking the Local, National and Global
25. Linking the Local, National and Global
Introduction
Global issues of ecology
A just world?
Leadership for a healthy future
Public health for the brave-hearted
Reflective, flexible and eclectic
A vision for 2050
Conclusion
Appendix: Public Health Keywords
Acknowledgements
References
Index
Authors
Fran Baum: Matthew Flinders Distinguished Professor of Public Health and Director of the Southgate Institute of Health, Society and Equity at Flinders University.
Lecturer Resources
The following resources are available for lecturers who prescribe The New Public Health Fourth Edition for their course: ·
- Imagebank of tables and figures from the text
Sample Pages
Read a sample chapter from The New Public Health:
Chapter 1: Understanding Health: Definitions and Perspectives