Syria has long been one of the most trouble-prone and politically volatile regions of the Near and Middle Eastern world. This book looks back beyond the troubles of the present to tell the 3000-year story of what happened many centuries before. Trevor Bryce reveals the peoples, cities, and kingdoms that arose, flourished, declined, and disappeared in the lands that now constitute Syria, from the time of its earliest written records in the third millennium BC until the reign of the Roman emperor Diocletian at the turn of the 3-4th century AD.

Across the centuries, from the Bronze Age to the Rome Era, we encounter a vast array of characters and civilizations, enlivening, enriching, and besmirching the annals of Syrian history: Hittite and Assyrian Great Kings; Egyptian pharaohs; Amorite robber-barons; the biblically notorious Nebuchadnezzar; Persia's Cyrus the Great and Macedon's Alexander the Great; the rulers of the Seleucid empire; and an assortment of Rome's most distinguished and most infamous emperors. All swept across the plains of Syria at some point in its long history. All contributed, in one way or another, to Syria's special, distinctive character, as they imposed themselves upon it, fought one another within it, or pillaged their way through it. 

But this is not just a history of invasion and oppression. Syria had great rulers of its own, native-born Syrian luminaries, sometimes appearing as local champions who sought to liberate their lands from foreign despots, sometimes as cunning, self-seeking manipulators of squabbles between their overlords. They culminate with Zenobia, Queen of Palmyra, whose life provides a fitting grand finale to the first three millennia of Syria's recorded history. The conclusion looks forward to the Muslim conquest in the 7th century AD: in many ways the opening chapter in the equally complex and often troubled history of modern Syria.

The Tale to be Told
Part I: The Bronze Ages
1: The First Kingdoms
2: The International Intruders
3: The Amorite Warrior-Chiefs
4: The Empires Collide
5: The End of an Era
Part II: From the Iron Age to the Macedonian Conquest
6: The Age of Iron
7: The Wolf upon the Fold: The Neo-Assyrian Invasions
8: From Nebuchadnezzar to Alexander
Part III: Syria under Seleucid Rule
9: The Rise of the Seleucid Empire
10: The Seleucid Empire in its Prime
11: The Maccabean Rebellion
12: The Decline and Fall of the Seleucids
Part IV: Syria under Roman Rule
13: The Coming of the Romans
14: Nabataean Excursus
15: The Syrian Emperors
16: The Crisis Years
Part V: The Rise and Fall of Palmyra
17: From Desert Oasis to Royal Capital: The Story of Palmyra
18: Syria's 'King of Kings': The Life and Death of Odenathus
19: Zenobia, Queen of the East
The Last Farewell
Appendix I: Chronology
Appendix II: King-Lists
Appendix III: Literary Sources
Notes
Bibliography
Index

Trevor Bryce, Honourary Research Consultant, University of Queensland, Australia

"This book can be thoroughly recommended for anyone wishing to gain a broad overview of the history of ancient Syria." - Adam John Fraser, Palestine Exploration Quaterly

"Bryce has outdone himself; a marvellous achievement. Reads as smoothly as a novel, but packed as full of facts as an encyclopedia. Bryce weaves together the threads of disparate cultures and centuries of civilization, creating the very fabric of history itself..." - Eric H. Cline, The George Washington University, and author of Biblical Archaeology: A Very Short Introduction

"sketches the history of Syria in a lively and fluid style." - Bibliotheca Orientalis

"The author is an engaging writer and one quickly gets the impression that he has enjoyed researching and writing this book ... Professor Trevor Bryce's publication provides a lucid account that assists our understanding of Syria's historical importance and continuing strategic location." - Andrew Jamieson, Ancient Near Eastern Studies